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CITY OF ALEXANDRIA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN July 1, 2004 City of Alexandria Solid Waste Management Plan CITY OF ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction. vii 1.1 Summary. vii 1.2 Goals for Document (140.2). vii 1.3 Solid Waste Management Plan Development Approach. viii 1.4 Solid Waste Management Plan Adoption. viii 2.0 Projections and Waste Quantities (150). 1 2.1 Description of Plan Area. 2 2.1.1 Transportation. 5 2.2 Population Data and Projections. 5 2.2.1 Employment Trends. 8 2.2.2 Office Space Trends. 9 2.2.3 Other Growth Indicators. 9 2.2.4 Overall Growth Trends. 9 2.3 Composition of Solid Waste. 10 2.3.1 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). 11 2.3.2 Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste. 12 2.3.3 Industrial Waste. 15 2.3.4 Regulated Medical Waste (RMW). 16 2.3.5 Vegetative and Yard Waste. 16 2.3.6 Incinerator/Combustion Ash. 16 2.3.7 Sludge. 16 2.3.8 Tires. 16 2.3.9 White Goods. 17 2.3.10 Friable Asbestos. 17 2.3.11 Petroleum Contaminated Soil. 17 2.3.12 Special Wastes. 17 2.4 Solid Waste Generation Projections and Flow Patterns. 17 2.5 Waste Stream Projections. 18 2.5.1 Municipal Solid Waste. 18 2.6 Types of Waste Generated. 19 3.0 Solid Waste Management System. 22 3.1 Collection. 22 3.1.1 Municipal Solid Waste. 22 3.1.2 Construction and Demolition Collection. 26 3.1.3 Industrial Waste Collection. 26 3.1.4 Regulated Medical Waste Collection. 26 3.1.5 Vegetative and Yard Waste Collection & Processing. 26 3.1.6 Incinerator Ash. 27 3.1.7 Sludge. 27 3.1.8 Tires. 28 3.1.9 White Goods. 28 iv City of Alexandria Solid Waste Management Plan 3.1.10 Friable Asbestos. 28 3.1.11 Petroleum Contaminated Soils. 29 3.1.12 Other Special Waste. 29 3.2 Disposal. 31 3.2.1 Municipal Solid Waste. 31 3.2.2 Construction and Demolition Waste. 33 3.2.3 Ash Disposal. 33 3.2.4 Sludge (Biosolids) Disposal. 33 3.3 Recycling. 34 3.3.1 Residential Recycling. 34 3.3.2 Commercial and Multi-Family Recycling. 35 3.3.3 Drop-Off Centers. 35 3.3.4 Other Recycling Programs. 36 3.3.5 Closed Facilities. 37 3.4 Public Education. 37 3.5 Public/Private Partnerships. 38 4.0 Hierarchy (140.1). 39 4.1 Source Reduction. 39 4.2 Reuse. 40 4.3 Recycling. 40 4.4 Resource Recovery (Waste-to-Energy). 40 4.5 Incineration. 41 4.6 Landfill. 41 5.0 Objectives (120.A.3, 140.2). 42 6.0 Implementation Plan (120.A.2, A.4). 46 7.0 Funding and Construction Schedules (120.A.5, A.6). 60 8.0 Public Participation. 62 8.1 Introduction. 62 8.2 Stakeholders Meetings. 62 8.3 Public Meetings and Input Sesssions. 62 8.4 Web Page. 63 8.5 Public/Private Partnerships. 63 8.6 Public Hearing. 63 8.7 Future Public Outreach, Community Involvement, and Education. 63 9.0 Tables, Appendices, etc. 65 v City of Alexandria Solid Waste Management Plan List of Figures Figure 2-1 Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments Area Map. 3 Figure 2-2 City of Alexandria Map. 4 Figure 2-3 City of Alexandria Household Density. 6 Figure 2-4 City of Alexandria Growth Trends. 10 Figure 2-5 Generation of Construction and Demolition Debris from Buildings. 14 Figure 4-1 Solid Waste Management Hierarchy. 39 List of Tables Table 2-1 City of Alexandria Population. 7 Table 2-2 City of Alexandria Households. 7 Table 2-3 City of Alexandria Employment. 8 Table 2-4 City of Alexandria Office Space Projection. 9 Table 2-5 Materials Generated in the U.S. Municipal Waste Stream. 11 Table 2-6 Estimated D.C. Composition of Residential/Commercial Municipal Solid Waste. 13 Table 2-7 Estimated Building-Related C&D Debris Generation, 1996. 14 Table 2-8 C&D Sample Compositions. 15 Table 2-9 City of Alexandria Historical Household Municipal Solid Waste Generation. 20 Table 2-10 City of Alexandria Recycled and Diverted Materials Flows in Tons. 21 Table 3-1 Solid Waste Haulers Used by City Businesses. 24 Table 3-2 Materials Accepted at City Household Hazardous Waste Collection Facility. 25 Table 3-3 Major Landfills & Transfer Stations. 32 Table 3-4 Major C&D Facilities in Region. 33 Table 3-5 Active Material Recovery Facilities in Northern Virginia and Maryland. 36 Appendices A City Council Solid Waste Management Plan Approval Statement B Notes toTable 2-9 C Notes toTable 2-10 D Commonwealth of Virginia Locality Recycling Rate Report for Calendar Year 2003 E Waste Type Data Chart vi City of Alexandria Solid Waste Management Plan Section 1, Introduction CITY OF ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Summary The City of Alexandria is an independent city, which derives its governing authority from a charter granted by the Virginia General Assembly. The City operates under the council-manager form of government. Under Alexandria’s charter, City Council has the authority to establish City policy, adopt ordinances, issue bonds, and appoint the City Manager, City Attorney, City Clerk and members of City boards and commissions. This Solid Waste Management Plan is the City’s planning document that summarizes all of its solid waste management activities and alternatives. On August 1, 2001, Commonwealth of Virginia regulations for solid waste management planning (9VAC20-130-10 et seq.) became effective. These regulations replaced previous regulations adopted on May 15, 1990. The current regulations state that “every city, county, and town in the Commonwealth – singly or in conjunction with other jurisdictions as a planning district – must submit a completely revised solid waste management plan between July 1, 2003, and July 1, 2004.” The City of Alexandria has prepared its comprehensive solid waste management document for submission to the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) in accordance with the terms of the planning regulations. The document addresses the City’s solid waste management needs through 2025 and illustrates the methods by which the City will exceed the 25% recycling mandate. The City’s solid waste management document builds on the previous planning efforts and describes methods for expanding the waste management programs in the City. In this manner, the document is intended to serve as a management tool for the City of Alexandria. Still, portions of the document discuss joint efforts with Arlington County and neighboring jurisdictions, as well as public/private partnerships. In particular, the recycling alternatives are presented for both jurisdictions in order to illustrate the collective impacts on the Alexandria/Arlington Waste-to-Energy facility. 1.2 Goals for Document (140.2) This document is intended to comply with the Code of Virginia (Section 10.1-1411) and the Virginia Regulations for Solid Waste Management Planning (9VAC20-130-10, et seq.), which gives statutory authority, regulatory responsibility and accountability to local governments for planning the handling of all types of non-hazardous solid waste. This document will clearly demonstrate the manner in which the following goals of the mandatory objectives, as defined in 9VAC20-130-120, shall be accomplished: • An integrated waste management strategy • Implementation of the plan vi i City of Alexandria Solid Waste Management Plan Section 1, Introduction • Solid waste management objectives within the jurisdiction • Definition of incremental stages of progress toward the objectives and their implementation schedule • Necessary funding and resources description, including consideration of fees dedicated to future facility development • Strategy for the provision of necessary funds and resources • Public education and information strategy on source reduction, reuse, and recycling, and • Consideration of public and private sector partnerships and private sector participation in document execution. Solid waste management goals identified by the City are also included in this document. These are presented in Section 5. 1.3 Solid Waste Management Plan Development Approach In accordance with 9VAC20-130-130, the City submitted the draft document to the Environmental Policy Commission, a volunteer group who provides City Council with environmental policy feedback and guidance, on April 19, 2004. Alexandria’s City Council received the revised Solid Waste Management Plan June 9, 2004, for adoption consideration. A public hearing was held June 12, 2004, to receive comments on the Solid Waste Management Plan. 1.4 Solid Waste Management Plan Adoption On June 12, 2004, the City of Alexandria’s City Council approved the Solid Waste Management Plan, which led to the submission of the Solid Waste Management Plan to the DEQ. The approved Plan was signed subsequent to the June 12, 2004, public hearing. A copy of the City Council’s approval statement is provided in Appendix A. vi ii City of Alexandria Solid Waste Management Plan Section 2, Projections and Waste Quantities 2.0 Projections and Waste Quantities (150) Integrated solid waste management approaches that meet sound economic and environmental objectives often require waste types that are generated individually to be kept separated throughout the collection, processing, recovery, and disposal sequence. Previous practices had all waste types mixed in the management cycle, which resulted in health and environmental hazards and hindered reuse and recovery of the resources. For example, a program for recovering tires for use as sports area surfaces can only be effective if they are not mixed with other waste types, which contaminate the crumb rubber and jeopardize the health and safety of the sport field users. This document addresses the twelve waste streams specified by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality – Waste Management Waste Regulations – Chapter 130, as follows: 1. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) 2. Construction and Demolition Debris 3. Industrial Waste 4. Regulated Medical Waste 5. Vegetative and Yard Waste 6. Incinerator Ash 7. Sludge other than land applied 8. Tires 9. White Goods 10. Friable Asbestos 11. Petroleum Contaminated Soil 12. Other Special Waste The Other Special Waste category includes more than one waste subtype not identified in the other eleven types. These wastes include those materials, other than municipal solid waste, accepted at the Alexandria/Arlington Waste-to-Energy facility, and other special wastes generated in the City including: electronics, dead animals, waste dirt and street sweepings, used oil, oil filters, antifreeze, and batteries. How various waste types or streams are managed is affected to a large degree by quantity, composition, and physical qualities of each waste type. Further, characteristics of the planning area, such as population, employment, income level, land use, topography, etc., are significant factors in the composition and quantities of waste streams generated. This section presents a brief description of the City of Alexandria planning area, summary descriptive information, composition estimates of the waste streams, and historical information of waste streams for which quantity information is received from collection and management program operators. Detailed transaction records are not maintained for each waste type, so projected quantities of the major waste streams were developed for the 20-year planning period where reasonable estimates could be determined. 1 City of Alexandria Solid Waste Management Plan Section 2, Projections and Waste Quantities 2.1 Description of Plan Area The demographic and physical characteristics of the City play a key role in shaping the solid waste management program, including reduction and recycling activities. The location of the jurisdiction, its relationship to its neighbors, topography, and geographical factors influence the program. The type and density of development, including both residential and commercial buildings, have had major impacts on the population, housing and businesses in the City, which, in turn, determine the types of waste generated. Higher density development imposes special requirements on the storage and collection of both solid waste and recyclable materials. The City of Alexandria is one of the eighteen jurisdictions that make up the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments (MWCOG) as shown in Figure 2-1. The City is an independent entity that was incorporated in 1779 and obtained its current status as a city when it was re-chartered in 1852. The City is located in the urban core of the MWCOG area and is bounded on the east by the Potomac River, on the north by Arlington County and by Fairfax County on the west and south. The City of Alexandria (Figure 2-2) is an urban area of 15.75 square miles that lies within the Coastal Plain Province. In this province, free flowing waters drain to the Potomac River through several tributaries. Two of these tributaries, Four Mile Run and Cameron Run, essentially form the north and south borders of the City, respectively. Figure 2-2 provides a map of the City of Alexandria showing these natural features and the street patterns. This demonstrates the highly urbanized nature of the City and the challenges this poses for effective waste management. The soils that underlie the City tend to be mixed crystalline rocks and sediment, ranging from sand to clay. The slow permeability of these soils places a large demand on flood and storm water management systems. The high-density development and the impervious structures add to this demand. The Potomac River, on the eastern boundary of the City, is part of the Chesapeake tidal estuary, and the shore is essentially at sea level. The series of hills along King Street and Seminary Road raise the average elevation of the City to approximately 30 feet. The lower level areas along the Potomac River and its tributaries have been subject to periodic flooding. There has been a significant level of development and redevelopment in the City since 1990, with over 2 million square feet of commercial space completed. Many new apartments and town homes have been added to the available housing stock In the eastern portion of the City, known as “Old Town,” the development reflects the Colonial seaport heritage, with many small buildings and narrow alleyways that make modern solid waste management difficult. 2
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City of Alexandria Solid Waste Management Plan CITY OF ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction